Surface properties refer to the physical and chemical characteristics of a material at its outermost layer. This includes properties such as roughness, adhesion, friction, wetting behavior, and chemical reactivity. Understanding the surface properties of materials is crucial in various fields, such as materials science, nanotechnology, and biotechnology, as they play a significant role in determining how materials interact with their environment. Researchers in this area study ways to modify and manipulate surface properties to improve the performance and functionality of materials in various applications. This research can involve techniques such as surface modification, coating, and surface analysis to study and control the surface properties of materials.